Bitcoin

ELI5 - What is Bitcoin and how does it work?

Bitcoin is the first decentralized cryptocurrency, created by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. At its heart, Bitcoin is a list of transactions, showing who's sent and received the currency. Bitcoin can be moved between users' addresses, or public keys, by signing transactions with their corresponding private keys (like a password).

Rather than a central authority (like a bank) updating the list, Bitcoin introduced a new technology called blockchain, a cryptographic list distributed over a large network. Blockchain solved the main issue preventing the success of earlier digital currencies, namely allowing bad actors to spend their money more than once.

To do this, Bitcoin relies on users, known as miners, who loan computer CPU power to the network. Miners' computers make trillions of guesses to solve the trial-and-error math problem of organizing the latest transactions into a "block." Once a solution is found, however, the other computers in the network can easily verify it as correct. When this "consensus" is reached, the miner who solved the block receives a Bitcoin award, and their solution is permanently added to the blockchain.

By drollparadox7655 1 year ago

Piano

ELI5 - How does a piano work?

Though it might seem odd, pianos are actually considered percussion instruments, like drums. This is because, underneath a piano's lid, in addition to a tuned string for every piano key (230 in total), there're tiny wooden hammers covered in felt for each. When a key is pressed, the appropriate hammer strikes the corresponding string, causing it to vibrate and therefore sound as a musical note. A key's hammer stays suspended as long as the key is held down, so the string continues ringing out. When the key is released, the hammer returns to resting on the string, and the felt dampens, or stops, the sound.

By drollparadox7655 1 year ago

Military Commission

ELI5 - What is a "commission"? As in "Non-Commissioned Officer"? And what happens when an NCO receives this commission?

An officer's commission is a formal document issued by a nation's head of state, granting legal authority to an individual to serve as a commissioned officer in the military. Commissioned Officers (COs) hold command authority directly from this commission, making strategic decisions and bearing ultimate legal responsibility for their units. Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) are enlisted personnel who assume leadership roles, executing orders and leading small units under the delegated authority of commissioned officers, but without the command authority of a CO. Warrant Officers (WOs) are specialized experts in their fields, positioned between NCOs and COs, with both technical proficiency and limited command responsibilities, often focused on specific technical or tactical areas. The key difference lies in the source and extent of their authority: COs derive theirs directly from the state, NCOs through delegation, and WOs through their expertise and technical roles.

By Alex 11 months ago

Military Commission

ELI5 - What is a "commission"? As in "Non-Commissioned Officer"? And what happens when an NCO receives this commission?

In the military, you can join as enlisted or commissioned. Enlisted soldiers start without formal education and can rise to become Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs), who lead troops and ensure orders are executed. Commissioned officers, like the young lieutenant in war movies, start with education and command roles but rely on the seasoned wisdom of NCOs, like Sarge or Chief. Ideally, a leader would have both deep education and extensive experience, but that's impractical, so the military pairs educated officers with experienced NCOs to create an effective leadership team. Historically, classism influenced this divide, but now it's about combining strategic knowledge with practical expertise.

By drollparadox7655 11 months ago

Algorithm

ELI5 - What exactly is an algorithm and how does it work?

An algorithm is basically a step-by-step set of instructions used to solve a specific problem or perform a certain task. Think of it like a detailed recipe or a roadmap—except it guides computers through processes like sorting data, calculating the fastest route on Google Maps, or recommending content on social media. Algorithms range from very simple (like sorting numbers) to incredibly complex (such as machine learning systems that recognize speech or images). They're essential for programming, data processing, and automation but can also raise concerns about transparency, fairness, and bias—especially when used to make important decisions affecting people's lives.

By Alex 4 months ago

Nitrogen

ELI5 - What is Nitrogen?

Nitrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 7 and symbol N. At moderate temperatures and pressures, nitrogen exists as a colorless, odorless gas. The atmosphere contains more than 78% nitrogen by mass, which is more than three times its amount of oxygen. Atoms of nitrogen have 5 valence electrons and typically 7 neutrons.

By Alex 11 months ago